What are the biometric passport rules for the Schengen Area?

What is a biometric passport?

A biometric passport, also popularly known as an electronic passport, is an identity document that includes a polycarbonate sheet with an embedded electronic circuit. This allows for machine-readable data to confirm the identity of its holder.

It also features an RFID chip that stores additional information such as the holder’s photo, personal details, identification number, and digital signature.

This type of passport has become one of the most effective tools for the Schengen Area to enhance border control, as it is harder to forge. Furthermore, it simplifies entry procedures for foreigners visiting the region.

Nationals from several Latin American countries, such as Peru and Colombia, have been able to travel to the Schengen Area without visas following the introduction of biometric passports. Ecuador is also expected to benefit from visa exemption soon.

Another example of the importance of these passports is evident in the case of Ukrainian citizens. Those without biometric passports must apply for a visa before visiting Schengen Area countries.

The next step planned by the Schengen Area to automate the control of its external borders and reinforce security is the introduction of the electronic travel authorisation system, ETIAS, which is set to be implemented in 2023. Having a valid and approved ETIAS will become a requirement for citizens of third countries currently exempt from needing a visa to enter this territory.

What are biometric data?

Since October 2015, all applicants for a Schengen visa must provide their biometric data at the relevant centre—embassy, consulate, or visa centre—for storage in the Visa Information System, known as VIS.

The primary purpose of this measure is to modernise the visa issuance process and streamline border controls by relying on automated systems to prevent long queues.

Data is stored for 59 months, or five years, during which time applicants do not need to resubmit their biometric information when applying for a new visa.

It is important to note that biometric data provided for other purposes, such as residence permits, is not valid for Schengen visa applications.

How are my biometric data recorded?

Schengen visa applicants must visit the relevant embassy, consulate, or visa centre in person to have their biometric data taken. This involves a digital passport-style photo and fingerprint scanning.

Children under the age of 12 are not required to provide biometric data, though parents may consent to their fingerprints being scanned.

As with passport or identity document photos, applicants must not wear items or accessories, such as hats or reflective glasses, that obscure the face and hinder identification.

As mentioned earlier, the good news is that once this information is stored in a secure database, it can be reused for similar visa processes over the next five years, eliminating the need for the same applicant to repeat the procedure.

Related topics on Schengen visas

• How much does a Schengen visa cost?
• What are the first port of entry rules for the Schengen visa?
• How to read the Schengen visa sticker?
• What changes are coming to the Schengen visa in 2020?
• Where is it easiest to obtain a Schengen visa?
• What is ETIAS?

Frequently asked questions about passports and biometric data

What is the VIS?

The VIS, or Visa Information System, is a database that collects all biometric data and information about Schengen visa applicants. It aims to streamline and automate the visa issuance process, manage external borders, and enhance security.

Am I required to undergo fingerprint scanning?

Children under 12 years of age and individuals who are physically unable to provide fingerprints are not required to meet this requirement. Heads of state or government, government members, and their spouses or delegation members officially invited by a Schengen state are also exempt from providing biometric data.

What happens to my biometric data after five years?

After this period, the data is automatically deleted, and applicants will need to provide their biometric information again when applying for a new Schengen visa.